The Reign and Demise of Tutankhamun

Tutankhamun: A Biographical Overview

Tutankhamun, an Egyptian pharaoh of the late Eighteenth Dynasty, ruled during the New Kingdom period. His reign, though relatively short, is significant due to the discovery of his nearly intact tomb in the Valley of the Kings. He acceded to the throne during a period of religious upheaval following the Amarna period, initiated by Akhenaten.

Historical Context of the Eighteenth Dynasty

The Eighteenth Dynasty, of which Tutankhamun was a member, was a crucial period in Egyptian history. It witnessed the expulsion of the Hyksos, the reunification of Egypt, and a flourishing of art, architecture, and imperial expansion. The dynasty experienced religious reforms under Akhenaten, which Tutankhamun later reversed.

The Transition Following Akhenaten's Reign

Akhenaten's religious reforms, focused on the Aten, created significant disruption. Tutankhamun, originally named Tutankhaten, restored the traditional pantheon and moved the capital back to Thebes, signifying a return to established religious practices. This transition was a defining feature of his rule.

Speculations Surrounding Demise

The circumstances surrounding the end of Tutankhamun's reign remain subject to scholarly debate. Theories have been proposed, ranging from illnesses to accidents and potential foul play. Scientific investigations, including CT scans and DNA analysis, have offered insights but have not provided definitive conclusions.

Chronological Estimates for End of Reign

Based on archaeological evidence, historical records, and the analysis of his mummy, scholars estimate that the pharaoh's reign ended around 1323 BCE. This date is approximate and subject to revision as new information emerges from ongoing research. The range generally accepted falls between 1325 and 1322 BCE.

Burial and Legacy

The discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb (KV62) by Howard Carter in 1922 captured the world's imagination. The tomb's rich contents provided invaluable information about royal burial practices, funerary beliefs, and the material culture of ancient Egypt. This discovery ensured his enduring fame despite the brevity of his time as ruler.