Citrus Limetta: Taxonomy, Characteristics, and Regional Nomenclature

Citrus limetta, commonly known as sweet lime, is a citrus fruit with relatively low acidity. It is distinct from true lemons (Citrus limon), though often grouped with or confused with them due to superficial similarities in appearance. This reference entry provides information on its taxonomic classification, physical characteristics, cultivation, and regional naming variations.

Taxonomy and Origin

The exact origin and taxonomic status of Citrus limetta are debated. It is generally considered to be a hybrid of Citrus medica (citron) and either Citrus aurantiifolia (lime) or Citrus limon (lemon). The tree is relatively small and thorny.

Fruit Characteristics

The fruit is typically round or oval, similar in size to a lemon. The rind is thin, smooth, and yellowish-green when ripe. The pulp is light yellowish-orange, juicy, and notably less acidic than that of common lemons or limes. The flavor is mild and often described as sweet-tart. The fruit contains seeds, though seedless varieties exist.

Cultivation and Distribution

Citrus limetta is cultivated in various tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Mediterranean. It thrives in warm climates with well-drained soil. Propagation is typically done through grafting.

Regional Names and Classifications

• India and South Asia: Known by various vernacular names, including mosambi, mousambi, and other regionally specific terms.
• Mediterranean Region: May be referred to by terms that, when translated, roughly equate to "sweet lemon" or a related descriptor.
• Scientific Literature: Consistently referred to as Citrus limetta to avoid ambiguity stemming from varied regional names.

Uses and Nutritional Value

The fruit is primarily consumed fresh, often juiced. The juice is a popular beverage known for its refreshing qualities and is a good source of vitamin C. The fruit may also be used in culinary applications, such as desserts and drinks. The essential oil extracted from the peel has applications in aromatherapy and perfumery.